Marco Polo in Bukhara

The Polo brothers decided to avoid Crimea, because of a civil war between Berke and his cousin Hulagu or perhaps because of the bad relationship between Berke Khan and the Byzantine Empire. Instead, they moved further east to Bukhara, in modern day Uzbekistan, where the family lived and traded for three years.

Crossing the Volga River and travelling around the northern end of the Caspian Sea, the Polo brothers, traversed the dry steppes of Kazakhstran and Usbekistan to the ancient city of Bukhara. The Mongols had captured and destroyed the city in 1220. When the Polos arrived, it was one of the chief cities of the Chaghatai Khanate.

The brothers stayed in Bukhara for three years, waiting for the unrest in the western khanates to end. It must have been an unrest of three years, but it may have given the Polos a chance to learn the Mongol language, Perhaps they also still had goods to sell in the city, whick was an important stop along the east-west overland trade routes.

Unfortunately for Marco, only Marco Polo's father, Niccolò (also Nicolò in Venetian) and his uncle, Maffeo (also Maffio), were in Bukhara. But as written by Rustichello da Pisa “Ma ancora v'à di quelle cose le quali elli nonvide, ma udille da persone degne di fede” And still have things which he had not seen, but he had heard it from faithful people.

In Sanskrit word "Bukhara" means "monastery". Here you can find more than 140 architectural monuments and architectural masterpieces. Bukhara is a "museum city" under the blue sky.

Bukhara (Uzbek: Buxoro, Tajik: Бухоро, Persian: بُخارا, Russian: Бухара), also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky place"), is the capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. The nation's fifth-largest city, it has a population of 237,900 (1999 census estimate).

As the Polos you could also learn some Mongolian:

Phrase list
[Basics
Hello.
Sain bainuu . ( )
Hello.
Sain'uu(informal) : . ( )
How are you?
Sain bainuu? ( ?)
Fine, thank you.
Sain bainaa. ( )
What is your name?
Tany ner khen be? ( ?)
Who are you / Who is it?
Chi khen be? ( ?)
My name is ______ .
Mini ner ______ . ( _____ .)
Nice to meet you.
. ( )
Please.
Tik Tik . ( )
Thank you.
Bayarlalaa . ( )
You're welcome.
Zuuger . ( )
Yes.
Tiim . ( )
No.
Ugu . ( )
Sorry.
Uuchlaarai : . ( )
Goodbye
Bayartai . ( )
I can't speak Mongolian
Bi Mongoloor yairdaggui [ ]. ( [ ])
Do you speak English?
Chi angilar yairdaguu? ( ?)
Help!
! ( !)
Look out!
! ( !)
Good morning.
uglunii mend . ( )
Good afternoon.
udriin mend . ( )
Good night.
orai mend . ( )
Good night (to sleep)
saikhan untaarai . ( )
I don't understand.
bi oil-rakh gui . ( )
Where is the toilet?
khanas toalet? ( ?)

Some good ideas to reduce world poverty

In today's world, millions of people face the adversities of poverty on a daily basis, many of them without prospects for a better life. 

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However, society has the power to intervene and change this reality. The transformative force is in each individual's interest in getting involved and making a difference. We'll explore key strategies for reducing and eventually eliminating poverty globally.

Inclusive Economic Growth: Recognizing that sustainable economic growth is a fundamental pillar in the fight against poverty, it is crucial that governments and leaders adopt policies aimed at inclusive growth. Stimulating the creation of productive, well-paying jobs is essential to providing economic opportunities for all, especially the most vulnerable.

Investment in Human Capital: Equal access to quality education, adequate health services and social protection is critical to breaking the cycle of poverty. It is imperative that governments invest in comprehensive educational programs, vocational training and accessible health services. In this way, we will enable people to overcome the barriers of poverty and improve their living conditions.

Strengthening Rights and Governance: The fight against poverty requires the promotion of a just and egalitarian society, where the rights of all are respected. It is crucial to fight corruption, strengthen institutions and guarantee equal rights for all citizens. Access to justice and the active participation of civil society are key components in this endeavor.

Sustainable Rural Development: A significant proportion of the poor live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. To face this reality, it is necessary to invest in rural infrastructure, access to markets, agricultural technologies and support for small farmers. In this way, we will enable sustainable development in these regions and improve the living conditions of the rural population.

Promoting Gender Equality: Gender equality plays a crucial role in reducing poverty. It is essential to eliminate discrimination and ensure equal opportunities for women and girls. Economic empowerment, access to education, reproductive health and property rights are priority areas that must be addressed.

International Cooperation: The fight against poverty requires a global approach. Cooperation between developed and developing countries is key to meeting this challenge effectively. More developed countries can provide financial and technical assistance, helping to implement effective poverty reduction strategies. In addition, issues such as fair trade, debt forgiveness and reforms in international financial institutions must also be addressed.

Society's power to fight poverty lies in each person's individual interest in getting involved and making a difference. Each individual can play an important role, whether through volunteering in organizations that work with underprivileged communities, or in the defense of public policies that promote equality and sustainable development.

Awareness is the first step. It is critical that people understand the gravity of poverty and its underlying causes. This involves educating yourself about the social and economic issues that contribute to the perpetuation of poverty, as well as the viable solutions to address them.

In addition, society needs to encourage a culture of solidarity and social responsibility. This can be done by supporting initiatives and social businesses aimed at job creation and sustainable development in underprivileged communities. By consuming products and services from these organizations, people directly contribute to the reduction of poverty.

Another form of intervention is through political engagement. Citizens can become involved in movements and pressure groups that seek to influence the formulation of public policies aimed at eradicating poverty. This includes participating in demonstrations, writing letters to elected officials, participating in public hearings and voting for candidates committed to reducing inequalities.

In addition, financial donation to anti-poverty organizations also plays a crucial role. These donations can help fund projects and programs that aim to improve the lives of the most vulnerable people.

In summary, ending poverty requires a multifaceted approach that involves both individual and collective action. When society as a whole unites towards this goal, it is possible to create a significant and transformative impact. Each individual has the power to make a difference and contribute to building a more just and egalitarian world, where poverty is just a memory of the past.

Did you know that you can replace poverty with hope, and with opportunity at low cost?

Here are some of the things you can do to help; Somalis have an opportunity to switch to sun power using solar cookers. A company named Sun Fire Cooking has developed a sturdy (50 kilos), long-lasting, butterfly-designed solar cooker that works as fast as a gas or electric stove because of the large size parabolic mirrors.

According to the company the solar cooker pays for itself in less than one year and should give twenty years of free solar cooking.

For $200 you can buy a solar cooker for a family or for a woman to start her own tea shop and support her family. Send an email at sunfirecooking@yahoo.com for details or telephone Fatima in Bosaso at +252 5 797844 to learn how can you help more.

If you want to put your efforts towards urban areas and reduce the disposal of waste materials on the streets, you could sponsor Brazilian Rag-pickers (catadores de Lixo). Rag-pickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials on their pushcarts to earn a small wage sending it to recycling companies.

Rafael Antonio Bruno, Mechanical Engineering at Polytechnic School of USP Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo State University) has created a low cost lite pushcart equipped with rearview mirror, reflective tape, brake system and with an appropriate load compartment.

Rafael still has some challenges such as weight and cost reduction, the pushcart costs R$ 1,100.00 (45% more than it should be) and weights 110kg (10% more that projected).

Another good initiative to solve this equation was taken by Banco do Brasil which have donated on may 13th 14 special trycicles to Centcoop - Central das Cooperativas de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (Central of Cooperatives for Recycled Materials Collectors) at a cost per unity of R$ 17,600.00 (about US$ 11,000.00).

Centcoop aggregates 17 different Rag-pickers cooperatives in Brazil and 3.5 thousand of Rag-pickers. The city of São Paulo produces 16,000 tons of waste daily and Rag-Pickers are responsible for about 1% of its recycling.

Society's strength in combating poverty goes beyond individual actions. It manifests itself in the capacity for collective mobilization and in the search for structural changes that promote equality and access to opportunities for all.

This means that society needs to push for effective and inclusive public policies that address social and economic inequalities comprehensively. It is necessary for governments to invest in social protection programs, quality education, access to health services and the creation of decent jobs. Society can use its collective strength to demand these measures and hold political leaders accountable for their actions.

In addition, it is fundamental to promote a cultural and mentality change, in order to challenge stereotypes and prejudices that perpetuate poverty. It is necessary to combat discrimination and promote equal opportunities for all, regardless of their social origin, gender, ethnicity or any other characteristic.

Education plays a key role in this process. It is necessary to invest in an inclusive and quality education that enables individuals to break the cycle of poverty. In addition, education must promote values such as empathy, solidarity and social responsibility, so that future generations are engaged in the fight against poverty.

Finally, it is important to highlight that poverty is not a problem that can be solved overnight. It's an ongoing battle that requires persistent and committed efforts. It is therefore critical that society maintains an individual interest in helping those most in need, while at the same time working together to create an enabling environment for poverty reduction.

If each individual, with their individual interest, unites towards this common goal, we can make significant advances in the reduction and eventual elimination of poverty. Together, we can build a future where all people have equal opportunities and live in dignity.

Here are some more ideas and approaches to strengthen the fight against poverty:

Public, Private and Civil Society Partnerships: Collaboration between governments, businesses and civil society organizations is critical to effectively addressing poverty. These partnerships can lead to joint initiatives, responsible investments and knowledge exchange, leveraging the resources and experiences of different sectors to create positive social impact.

Development of skills and capabilities: In addition to ensuring access to education, it is important to provide training and skills that are in line with the demands of the job market. This will help strengthen the skills and competencies of people experiencing poverty, increasing their chances of finding decent employment and improving their living conditions.

Financial inclusion: Promoting access to financial services such as bank accounts, loans and insurance can empower people to manage their finances, build assets and invest in business opportunities. This can boost entrepreneurship and job creation, allowing people to be protagonists in their own overcoming of poverty.

Environmental sustainability: Poverty is closely linked to environmental challenges such as environmental degradation and climate change. It is therefore important to promote environmental sustainability in all anti-poverty strategies. This may involve adopting sustainable agricultural practices, accessing clean technologies and promoting renewable energy sources.

Focus on marginalized communities: Often certain population groups, such as indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities and people with disabilities, are most affected by poverty. It is necessary to ensure that anti-poverty strategies take into account their specific needs and address the barriers they face in accessing opportunities and services.

Ongoing monitoring and evaluation: Regular monitoring and evaluation of anti-poverty initiatives is essential to ensure their effectiveness and efficiency. This will help identify what is working, what needs tweaking, and what lessons can be learned. In this way, it will be possible to better direct resources and maximize the impact of actions.

Remember that the fight against poverty is a complex challenge, and there is no single solution. A holistic approach adapted to local realities is needed, combining different strategies and coordinated actions. With a concerted and continued effort, we can work to reduce and eventually end poverty in our world.

Corporate Titles and Labor Classification

If you like anime or/and manga you probably know the meaning of the words Senpai (先輩, ) roughly equivalent to the western concept of "mentor", and kōhai (後輩, kōhai) the equivalent to "acolytes". According to a Japanese tradition a young person may be considered the senpai of an older person at times if the older person entered an organization, such as a company, at a later time than the younger person did.

In the occidental tradition, when middle Ages came to an end, the rank structure of medieval armies became more formalized. The top officers of hierarchy were known as commissioned officers whose authority came directly from a sovereign power, the word hierarchy derives from the Greek ἱεραρχία (hierarchia), from ἱεράρχης (hierarches), "president of sacred rites, high-priest" and that from ἱερός (hieros), "sacred" + ἄρχω (arkho), "to lead, to rule".

The basic unit of the medieval army was the company, a band of soldiers assigned (or raised) by a vassal lord on behalf of his lord. Today’s companies have inherited that sort of rank based structure in organizations all over the world. Corporate titles have been created to confer to individuals as a means of identifying their function in the organization. Titles vary by the type of organization, the sector that it is, whether it is for-profit or non-profit, public or private, partnership or sole proprietorship. Some sectors, such as educational institutions, have particular titles.

In order to standardized occupational titles globally the International Labor Organization (ILO) have established the labor classification structure. The current version, known as ISCO-88, is the third iteration, following ISCO-58 and ISCO-66. There is an updated version of the structure being prepared for release by 2008.

The ILO describes the purpose of the ISCO-88 as:

A tool for organizing jobs into a clearly defined set of groups according to the tasks and duties undertaken in the job. It is intended both for statistical users and for client oriented users. The main client oriented applications are in the recruitment of workers through employment offices, in the management of short or long term migration of workers between countries as well as in the development of vocational training programmes and guidance.

The ISCO-88 divides jobs into 10 major groups, with each group further organized into sub-major, minor and unit (not shown) groups.

MAJOR GROUP 1
LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS AND MANAGERS

11 LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS
111 LEGISLATORS
112 SENIOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
113 TRADITIONAL CHIEFS AND HEADS OF VILLAGES
114 SENIOR OFFICIALS OF SPECIAL-INTEREST ORGANISATIONS
12 CORPORATE MANAGERS
121 DIRECTORS AND CHIEF EXECUTIVES
122 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT MANAGERS
123 OTHER DEPARTMENT MANAGERS
13 GENERAL MANAGERS
131 GENERAL MANAGERS

MAJOR GROUP 2
PROFESSIONALS

21 PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS
211 PHYSICISTS, CHEMISTS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS
212 MATHEMATICIANS, STATISTICIANS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS
213 COMPUTING PROFESSIONALS
214 ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS
22 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
221 LIFE SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS
222 HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (except nursing)
223 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY PROFESSIONALS
23 TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
231 COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
232 SECONDARY EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
233 PRIMARY AND PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
234 SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
235 OTHER TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
24 OTHER PROFESSIONALS
241 BUSINESS PROFESSIONALS
242 LEGAL PROFESSIONALS
243 ARCHIVISTS, LIBRARIANS AND RELATED INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS
244 SOCIAL SCIENCE AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS
245 WRITERS AND CREATIVE OR PERFORMING ARTISTS
246 RELIGIOUS PROFESSIONALS

MAJOR GROUP 3
TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS

31 PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
311 PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE TECHNICIANS
312 COMPUTER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
313 OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT OPERATORS
314 SHIP AND AIRCRAFT CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICIANS
315 SAFETY AND QUALITY INSPECTORS
32 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
321 LIFE SCIENCE TECHNICIANS AND RELATED ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
322 MODERN HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS (except nursing)
323 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
324 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE PRACTITIONERS AND FAITH HEALERS
33 TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
331 PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
332 PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
333 SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
334 OTHER TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
34 OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
341 FINANCE AND SALES ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
342 BUSINESS SERVICES AGENTS AND TRADE BROKERS
343 ADMINISTRATIVE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
344 CUSTOMS, TAX AND RELATED GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
345 POLICE INSPECTORS AND DETECTIVES
346 SOCIAL WORK ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
347 ARTISTIC, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORTS ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
348 RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS

MAJOR GROUP 4
CLERKS

41 OFFICE CLERKS
411 SECRETARIES AND KEYBOARD-OPERATING CLERKS
412 NUMERICAL CLERKS
413 MATERIAL-RECORDING AND TRANSPORT CLERKS
414 LIBRARY, MAIL AND RELATED CLERKS
419 OTHER OFFICE CLERKS
42 CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS
421 CASHIERS, TELLERS AND RELATED CLERKS
422 CLIENT INFORMATION CLERKS

MAJOR GROUP 5
SERVICE WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERS

51 PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES WORKERS
511 TRAVEL ATTENDANTS AND RELATED WORKERS
512 HOUSEKEEPING AND RESTAURANT SERVICES WORKERS
513 PERSONAL CARE AND RELATED WORKERS
514 OTHER PERSONAL SERVICES WORKERS
515 ASTROLOGERS, FORTUNE-TELLERS AND RELATED WORKERS
516 PROTECTIVE SERVICES WORKERS
52 MODELS, SALESPERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS
521 FASHION AND OTHER MODELS
522 SHOP SALESPERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS
523 STALL AND MARKET SALESPERSONS

MAJOR GROUP 6
SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS

61 MARKET-ORIENTED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS
611 MARKET GARDENERS AND CROP GROWERS
612 MARKET-ORIENTED ANIMAL PRODUCERS AND RELATED WORKERS
613 MARKET-ORIENTED CROP AND ANIMAL PRODUCERS
614 FORESTRY AND RELATED WORKERS
615 FISHERY WORKERS, HUNTERS AND TRAPPERS
62 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS
621 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS

MAJOR GROUP 7
CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS

71 EXTRACTION AND BUILDING TRADES WORKERS
711 MINERS, SHOTFIRERS, STONE CUTTERS AND CARVERS
712 BUILDING FRAME AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
713 BUILDING FINISHERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
714 PAINTERS, BUILDING STRUCTURE CLEANERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
72 METAL, MACHINERY AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
721 METAL MOULDERS, WELDERS, SHEET-METAL WORKERS, STRUCTURAL- METAL PREPARERS, AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
722 BLACKSMITHS, TOOL-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
723 MACHINERY MECHANICS AND FITTERS
724 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MECHANICS AND FITTERS
73 PRECISION, HANDICRAFT, PRINTING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
731 PRECISION WORKERS IN METAL AND RELATED MATERIALS
732 POTTERS, GLASS-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
733 HANDICRAFT WORKERS IN WOOD,TEXTILE, LEATHER AND RELATED MATERIALS
734 PRINTING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
74 OTHER CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
741 FOOD PROCESSING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
742 WOOD TREATERS, CABINET-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
743 TEXTILE, GARMENT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
744 PELT, LEATHER AND SHOEMAKING TRADES WORKERS

MAJOR GROUP 8
PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS

81 STATIONARY-PLANT AND RELATED OPERATORS
811 MINING- AND MINERAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS
812 METAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS
813 GLASS, CERAMICS AND RELATED PLANT OPERATORS
814 WOOD-PROCESSING- AND PAPERMAKING-PLANT OPERATORS
815 CHEMICAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS
816 POWER-PRODUCTION AND RELATED PLANT OPERATORS
817 AUTOMATED-ASSEMBLY-LINE AND INDUSTRIAL-ROBOT OPERATORS
82 MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS
821 METAL- AND MINERAL-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS
822 CHEMICAL-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS
823 RUBBER- AND PLASTIC-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS
824 WOOD-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS
825 PRINTING-, BINDING- AND PAPER-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS
826 TEXTILE-, FUR- AND LEATHER-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS
827 FOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS
828 ASSEMBLERS
829 OTHER MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS
83 DRIVERS AND MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS
831 LOCOMOTIVE-ENGINE DRIVERS AND RELATED WORKERS
832 MOTOR-VEHICLE DRIVERS
833 AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS
834 SHIPS' DECK CREWS AND RELATED WORKERS

MAJOR GROUP 9
ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS

91 SALES AND SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS
911 STREET VENDORS AND RELATED WORKERS
912 SHOE CLEANING AND OTHER STREET SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS
913 DOMESTIC AND RELATED HELPERS, CLEANERS AND LAUNDERERS
914 BUILDING CARETAKERS, WINDOW AND RELATED CLEANERS
915 MESSENGERS, PORTERS, DOORKEEPERS AND RELATED WORKERS
916 GARBAGE COLLECTORS AND RELATED LABOURERS
92 AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABOURERS
921 AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABOURERS
93 LABOURERS IN MINING, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORT
931 MINING AND CONSTRUCTION LABOURERS
932 MANUFACTURING LABOURERS
933 TRANSPORT LABOURERS AND FREIGHT HANDLERS

MAJOR GROUP 0
ARMED FORCES

Find here the "C-level"( titles begin with the term "chief.") Table:
chief accounting officer - CAO
chief acquisition officer - CAO
chief audit executive - CAE
chief automation officer – CAO
chief analytics officer - CAO
chief benefits officer - CBO
chief business officer/business development officer – CBO/BDO
chief channel officer - CCO
chief compliance officer - CCO
chief credit officer -CCO
chief data officer - CDO
chief design officer - CDO
chief diversity officer - CDO
chief engineering officer - CEO
chief experience officer - CXO
chief governance officer - CGO
chief information security officer - CISO
chief innovation officer - CIO
chief intellectual property officer - CIPO
chief investment officer - CIO
chief knowledge officer -CKO
chief learning officer - CLO
chief legal officer - CLO
chief marketing officer - CMO
chief networking officer - CNO
chief people officer - CPO
chief privacy officer - CPO
chief process officer - CPO
chief product officer - CPO
chief quality officer - CQO
chief research officer - CRO
chief revenue officer - CRO
chief risk officer - CRO
chief sales officer - CRO
chief science officer - CSO
chief security officer - CSO
chief strategy officer - CSO
chief sustainability officer - CSO
chief visionary officer - CVO