Inventions of Alberto Santos=Dumont to the First flight of 14 BIS

Santos=Dumont parking his Dirigible Number 9 in front of his apartment at Avenue Champs Elysées - Paris

Leia este artigo em Português

Santos=Dumont had a well defined line of reasoning, attacked the lighter than air vehicles and evolved step by step up to the heavier than air, and finally began his studies with the individual flight and ornithopter, "the inventor, as in the nature of Linnaeus, achieve no leaps: he evolves in a slow, gradual process. I have started by improving my ballooning pilot skills attacking the problem of dirigibility. Than I became an aeronaut in the good management of my airships, for many years I have studied the background to the petrol engine, and only when I realized that their state of perfection was enough to make it fly, I attacked the problem of heavier than air". Find below the list of inventions of Santos-Dumont in chronological order.

"Dirigible, biplane and monoplane, - My family, Rio de Janeiro, January 8, 1929".

THE LIGHTER THAN AIR

- Brazil – Smallest captive balloon ever created - with a wingspan of 6 feet in diameter, able to hold 113 m3 of hydrogen, weight 27.5 kg.

First flight made ​​on June 4, 1898;

- --> L'Amérique - was built in 1898, the airman usually took his bicycle attached to the cords in order to return from the place where he had landed - with a wingspan of 9.8 meters in diameter, volume of 500 m3;

- --> Dirigible Number 1 – Santos=Dumont dispensed the web and held the cords directly to the involucre, suffered falls on 18 September and 20 September 1898.
A 25 meters length involucre, 3.5m of diameter at the widest part of the involucre (enclosure), scaling 186m3, De Dion Boutton engine modified with two overlapping cylinders, that reached 3.5 horsepower and a two blades propeller with 50 cm from tip to tip;

- --> Dirigible Number 2 – Santos=Dumont has made changes to the rudder in order to make it more functional, fell on June 11, 1899. Increased the size of the involucre to 26.5 m long, 3.8 meters in diameter at the widest part, able to hold 200m3 of hydrogen, used the same engine De Dion Boutton, now with adjustments that increased the power to 4.5 hp and propellers of 50 cm long tip to tip;

- --> Dirigible Number 3 - After several falls by folding the involucre solved the problem with the design of the "vesica piscis" by increasing the curvature and reducing the length, first flew on November 13, 1899. 20m meters long, 7.5 meters in diameter at the most bulging of the involucre, cubature of 500m3, used the same engine De Dion Boutton of 4.5 hp and propellers 50 cm long from blade to blade;

- -->Dirigible Number 4 - First flight on 08 August 1900. contrary to its own beliefs, the wheels were not landing gears, it was used only to taking the aircraft from hangar, used water ballast. With 29 meters long, S=D sat dangerously on a saddle attached to a bamboo cane, 5.6 meters in diameter at the most bulging part of the enclosure, cubature of 420m3, used a 2-cylinder engine Buchet with 7 hp, the propeller had 4 meters in diameter; 

- --> Dirigible Number 5 - First airship with the design of Deutsch Prize winner, first flight on 12 July 1901, on July 13, 1901 flew 11km in 40 minutes, destroyed in the crash of August 8, 1901. 34 meters long, 6.5 m in diameter at the most bulging part of the Involucre (enclosure), 500m3 of cubature, engine Buchet with 20hp 4-cylinder with blades 4 m;

- -->Dirigible Number 6 - First flight on 06 September 1901, S=D made ​​changes at the helm, won the prize in Deutsch October 19, 1901, was destroyed in the accident in Monaco on 14 February 1902. 

33 m long, 6m diameter of the involucre, 622m3 of cubature, engine 4-cylinder Buchet with 20hp with an exposed radiator, 2 blades propeller with 4m from tip to tip; 

--> - Dirigible Number 7 - First flight on June 16, 1904, destroyed on June 26, 1904 in St Louis - USA (supposedly by sabotage). 49m long, involucre with 7 meters in diameter, 1.257m3 of cubature, made use of a Clement Bayard engine of 60hp, had two propellers, one at the bow and other at the stern with 4 m from tip to tip each;

Dirigible Number 8 - An exact replica of the dirigible Number 6, sold to the director of the Aeroclub of America(USA), Mr Boyce, contrary to its own beliefs, the number eight has been built. Was destroyed in a crash on his first flight in the vicinity New York in September 1902;

- --> Dirigible Number 9 – --> "La Balladeuse" - First flight on June 7, 1903, also sold to Mr. Boyce, with this one, S=D had made ​​several individual flights in metropolitan Paris. It was 2 m long, 5.5 m in diameter, 220m3 of cubature, 2 a cylinders Clement Bayard engine with 3hp ativated a 2.8 m from tip to tip propeller;

Click on the image above to see how Santos=Dumont used the steering apparatus to turn the Dirigible No 9 to the left or to the right

Click on the image above to see how Santos=Dumont steer his dirigible Number 9 up and down

-->- Dirigible Number 10 "Lo Omnibus" - It flew attached to the ground on October 18, 1903. With 48 meters long, 8.5 m involucre in diameter, cubature of 2010m3, worked with a Clement Bayard engine of four cylinders able to 46hp to move two propellers of 3m, one at the bow and other at the stern; 

Dirigivel Santos=Dumont Número 10 - “Lo Omnibus”

- --> Number 11 - Project of an Airplane - Monoplane aircraft based on the Cayley concept, was not constructed;

- -->Number 12 - Project of a Helicopter - (photo of an essay which was built but did not fly) part of the structure and the engine was ready. It had two propellers of 4 meters and tensile prop with 2m in diameter, the helicopter appears in this photo next to an 8-cylinder Antoinette engine of 50 hp; 

- --> Number 13 – Dangerously concept of a half hot air balloon and half hydrogen dirigible - S=D attempt to achieve greater autonomy, (fortunately it was destroyed in the hangar during a storm on December 29, 1904 before tested). 19 meters long, 14.5 m in diameter, cubature -1902 m3 of hydrogen and 750 m3 of air;

- --> Dirigible Number 14 - The spear shaped involucre was not stable, at risk of folding as occurred with the number 1 and 2, first flight on June 12, 1905. With 41 meters long, 3.4 m in diameter, cubature of 186m3, weighed 150 kg, and worked with a Peugeot engine of 2 hp;

- --> Dirigible modified Number 14 - The involucre was changed to 20 meters in length, 6m in diameter and cubature of 200m3;

- --> Dirigible Number 14 coupled with the 14 Bis - Hybrid of an airplane with Hargrave wings and a balloon attached. Tests that will lead to flight of heavier than air. Tests performed on July 21, 22 and 23, 1906;

- -->Les Deux Amerique - Spherical balloon with two horizontal propellers to replace the use of balasts, built to participate in the Gordon-Bennett Cup on September 30, 1906, departing from Place de la Concorde-Paris. With 16 meters long and 2150 m3 of cubature, used a 6-horsepower engine Dion to move two propellers;

-->

THE HEAVIER THAN AIR

- 14 Bis airplane - Built in 1906, made ​​a short flight at Bagatelle Field on 04 September 1906, flew 7-8 meters on September 13, 1906, won the Archdeacon Cup on October 23, 1906 with a flight of 60 meters to 3 meters high, 220m. Flew 6 meters high on November 12, 1906 and won the prize Aeroclub of France - IT WAS THE FIRST DOCUMENTED FLIGHT IN THE HISTORY OF AVIATION, Destroyed in SaintCyr on April 04 1907.

Click on the image above to see how the airplane 14 a blimp in conjunction with number 14 was unstable.

It was 9.6 meters long, 11.46 meters wingspan, 290 kg, and an Antoinette 50 hp engine used to activate a 2m propeller.

We could see in the photo a specially constructed contraption used to start the engin.

Airplane Number 15 - built in plywood, had tests on days 21, 24 2 March 27, 1907, was too unstable to fly.

6 m long, 11 m wingspan, 325 kg, equipped with a 50 hp Antoinette engine, had one single wheel as landing gear;

- Number 16 - Hybrid of airplane with dirigible - Plane as heavy as the air, a envelope filled with hydrogen nullified the weight of an airplane, the first presentation on June 4, 1907, unsuccessful attempted of flight without in June 18, 1907 . Envelope  21 meters long, 3 m in diameter, cubage of 99 m3, with 50 horsepower 8-cylinder Antoinette engine;

- Number 16 modified - Hybrid dirigible with a twin-engine airplane - the change was the placement of two 6 hp engines each in a special structure, tested after the accident of June 18, 1907 in order to test more features to the "heavier the air ";

- Number 17 airplane (La Sauterelle) "grasshopper" - improved version of the number 15 completed in September 1907, was never tested. With 7 m long, 12.4m wingspan, 320 kg, had a 16-cylinder Antoinette engine with 100 hp of power, propeller casing with 2.10 m;

- Number 18 - floatplane had submerged wings and rudder in order to test the hydrodynamic, careened in all tests (see http://santosdumontvida.blogspot.com/2008/10/uma-aposta-cria-o-numero-18-le-hydro.html) tests in October of 1907 on the Seine;
Was 8 m long, 6m wingspan, with a 16-cylinder Antoinette motor of 100 hp, moved the same number 17 of the casing;

- Aeroplane Number 19 - "La Demoiselle" - Built in 1907, made ​​flights in St-Cyr and Issy-les-Moulineaux on 16, 17 and 21 November 1907. Was 8 meters long, 5.1 meter wingspan, weighed 180 kg and was powered by a Dutheil & Chalmers 2-cylinder, 19 hp. Tests were also conducted with a Darracq 30 horsepower. Was tested a version of Number 19 called 19 Bis, Antonette engined 8-cylinder engine that reached to weigh 180 kg, did not fly;

- Aeroplane Number 20 - "La Demoiselle" - First flight on March 1, 1909 in St. Cyr, had record distance required for takeoff on September 16, 1909, on 17 September of that year flew to the castle Wideville, was 5.55 meters long and 5.50 meters wingspan, 115 kg, has tried several engines, among these, Dutheil & Chalmers, Darracq, Clement Bayard, etc.;

How Linkedin would help to perfectly place professional

leia este artigo em português

Based on the assumption that each person is the world’s best in a particular subject, worldwide-business-oriented social networking site such as Linkedin will be the perfect tool to locate and to employ the best professionals possible at the best position.

More than just allow registered users to maintain a list of contact with details of people they know and trust in business, replacement software will analyze candidate’s skills to create a GRePS (Graphic Representation of Professional Skills). As fingerprints those GRePS are unique and allows the candidate to experience professional plenitude.

Lets see how it will work:

Mr. Miyamoto Shintaro lives in Tokyo and is currently looking for a job. His experiences encompasses managing Human Resources department, recruiting, training and supervising the F&B teams, as well as creating supporting material. Systems update (Micros, websites) is also part of the routine. He speaks Japanese, English and Italian.

He keeps his profile in Linkedin perfectly updated. The GRePS program generates an specific key that matches perfectly to an open position at an Italian Company.

Mr. Miyamoto was very excited with the prospects of working in Rome, but he lacks the Erasmus Exchange Program, course required by the contractor. He immediately inscribed ate the course and after 6 months he will be “perfectly” qualified to the position.

Thanks to the GRePS Software Mr. Miyamoto and many others around the world would find the perfect workplace, helping Earth’s society to reach post-scarcity Era.

Prospenomics: Paving the Path to Post-Scarcity

Prospenomics, also known as Prospenomia, is the study of prosperity and its generators, aiming to pave a path towards Post-Scarcity. Through an economic and social approach that transcends the conventional paradigms of known economic theory, which often associates relatively low abundance with hard and inefficient work and fails to distribute well-being among individuals, paying little attention to the depletion of resources on the planet.

The field of Prospenomics arises from the urgent need to rethink current economic and social models. To achieve this, we must study all known forms of prosperity, from intelligent decisions made in ancient times to the fictions of Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek, envisioning a future where prosperity is abundant, where no longer uses monetary fractions for the exchange of goods and services, and people work to satisfy their talents and ambitions for personal upliftment; or also the ideas of Buckminster Fuller, in which prosperity was not limited solely to the accumulation of material wealth or economic growth but rather ensuring well-being and sustainability for all forms of life on the planet.

leia este artigo em Português

Considering the 4.5 billion years of evolution and extinctions that have shaped our planet, the delicate balances of biological relationships that have brought us to today, Prospenomics recognizes the complexity of interactions between living beings and the environment, as well as the central role of human beings in this context, as intellectual protagonists of the planet. Therefore, we must make use of our cerebral cortex, the most evolved tool that nature has ever created, as well as future forms of Artificial Intelligence to better explore the resources "seemingly" scarce, to the point of recognizing that they are extremely more abundant than conceived.

Throughout history, humanity has emerged as a species capable of profoundly transforming the environment and influencing the fate of other life forms. This unique ability confers significant responsibility on human beings in preserving and balancing the global ecosystem.

Prospenomics starts from the assumption that the current environmental and social crisis is the result of an economic model based on profit maximization and rampant consumption, which ignores the planet's limits and generates extreme inequality. In this sense, the study seeks to identify and promote alternative economic principles that can lead to a more sustainable and prosperous society.

rough of the Prospenomics logo in a university notebook by Luiz Pagano - The globe with Africa on the right - the origin of humanity, goes counterclockwise to North America with more distant parallel lines and finally the South America, in white. The idea is that, in a counter-clockwise spiral that begins in Africa, the further we move away from our origins, the more we lose self-knowledge and the globe becomes increasingly devoid of its original and natural lines. The drawing conveys the idea that, if a Cartesian analysis of the planet were carried out, we would understand it better and return to a greater balance, similar to that of the first hominids - Osasco 1986

One of the fundamental premises of Prospenomics is the idea that prosperity among individuals and their policies should not be measured solely by economic growth or the accumulation of material wealth, but rather by the well-being and quality of life of the entire society. This implies rethinking traditional development indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and considering other aspects, such as health, education, access to natural resources, and social equity.

Furthermore, Prospenomics recognizes the importance of cooperation and solidarity as fundamental principles for building a more just and sustainable society. This includes promoting public policies that encourage collaboration among different sectors of society and valuing the knowledge and skills of each individual.

In practical terms, Prospenomics proposes a series of measures and policies aimed at transforming production and consumption systems, promoting the conservation of natural resources, and ensuring equitable access to essential goods and services. This includes adopting sustainable agricultural practices, investing in renewable energies, promoting fair trade, and establishing participatory governance systems.

In summary, Prospenomics represents a new approach to human development, based on the idea that it is possible to create a society of abundance and prosperity for all, without compromising the environment or sacrificing the well-being of future generations. It is an invitation to rethink our values, practices, and institutions, aiming to build a more just, sustainable, and equitable future for all of humanity.

Semiotics and Branding

Knowing that I am an illustrator and appreciator of studies on semiotics, a debate group on post-scarcity societies approached me to create a representative logo. Aware of the importance of this symbol, I sought to incorporate elements from different cultures and beliefs, ensuring its universality. Inspired by ancestral and contemporary symbols, I created a logo that conveys the essence of post-scarcity.

The central circle in the shape of a cornucopia (a medieval symbol of wealth) represents the spheres of the universe, in constant harmony. The vertical lines connected to the circles symbolize the interconnected cells of the universe, working together to achieve abundance and plenty. The burgundy or purple color is a symbol of wealth and prosperity in many cultures, reflecting the potential of each individual. Saffron yellow, associated with garments worn by monks and the color of the earth, represents nobility and the foundation base.

Together, these elements form a universal symbol of post-scarcity, inspiring each person to be part of a prosperous and sustainable society.

A 400 million year chronicle of our civilization From Pangea I to Pangea II

leia este artigo em português

Once upon a time in Human Era a man named Carl-Henric Svanberg said “What brought us here won't keep us here” it could be a good hint to be used in business world and also in matters related to our world.

200 millions before Human Era, Earth had one big continent called Pangea, scientists believed that a new Pangea will form 200 million years in the future, so, the Human Era is placed in the very center between the two Pangeas.

This 400 million years period is merely a small fraction of time in universe history, and at the same time, a very long period for us to conceive.

It was on Triassic Era that the first vertebrate flew, the pterosaurs evolved from dinosaurs, that first appeared on earth surface about 230 million years ago and survived the Late Triassic mass extinction (228 million years ago), when some 35 per cent of all living families died out.

Historically the rise of the dinosaurs has been treated as a classic case in which a group evolves key features that allow it to rapidly expand, fill many niches, and out-compete other groups.

At that time, Earth history was ready to a big change; it was in Human Era that the most incredible event took place, the emergence of sentient beings. Carl Sagan put it in a very poetical way “We (human beings) are a way for the cosmos to know itself. We are creatures of the cosmos and always hunger to know our origins, to understand our connection with the universe. How did everything come to be? Every culture on the planet has devised its own response to the riddle posed by the universe. Every culture celebrates the cycles of life and nature. There are many different ways of being human”.

We learned how to cultivate the land, and that aloud us to stay in the same area. Cities was founded, wealth invented, we started using the nature, instead of living in, and with it.

The population started to explode, and we were forced to occupy areas that were not prime. That again let to an even stronger misuse of the nature.

The Human race had almost destroyed itself and the planet when we were learning the power of nuclear energy. We were young and curious and as children we did not know what we were doing.

But we learned how to survive and how to help others instead of use them. After all the technological accomplishment we realize that was important to get back to our own origins.

Earth was about to become incandescent due to the amount of electricity we were using when we understand how to use bioluminescent light. The building not just saved electricity but also generated oxygen by using BASS (Bioluminescent Algae Symbiotic Systems).

Brazilian city of São Paulo was one of the first to use BASS, Avenida Paulista was elegantly illuminated and Brazil prospered.

But it was during the Ice Age that Avenida Paulista suffered its worst threat. Almost 100 years of Iced cold storm almost destroyed MASP, Cultural Heritage of Humanity filled with tons of our civilization’s art.

Planet of the apes? No, planet of the dogs.

Men always asked himself “If for some reason humankind died off, what creature would rise up as the dominant specie?”

Dogs, not apes (as we’ve seen on movies) thrived. Dogs, wolves, and coyotes was the species with the highest probability of success to dominate planet earth.

The earliest wild dog originated in Africa fifteen to thirty-five million years before Human Era, probably a wolf father and jackal mother bread a beautiful puppy that was tamed by a primitive man.

The friendship between dogs and humans could be summarized in the tale of a hunter: “after a successful hunt, a group of primitive men started a small fire with lower branches to cook and eat. They realized that wolf-like-animals were watching closely. A boy of the group had been touched by the sad look of the animal and offered a piece of meat. The brave dog came closer and caught it. Weeks later, the friendship was sealed when the dogs, organized in a group leaded by that same dog, defended the hunters from the attack of a large predator during the night”.

The friendship has become stronger and stronger, humans were buried with their pet dogs in ancient Jericho, Homer's tough warrior Odysseus wept at the death of his devoted old hound Argus, and greyhounds were valued companions to Roman and medieval aristocrats.

There are differing opinions about how dogs became so diversified. But many experts believe that humans, able realize the dogs' potential, started selectively breeding dogs of certain physical characteristics for different types of tasks.

But, how dogs become self-conscious, and intelligent?

Largely known French novelist Pierre Boulle became famous by writing two of the greatest novels which were adapted for blockbusters films in the 70’s, “The Bridge over the River Kwai” and “La Planète des singes”.

The book published in 1963 and the film released in 1968 (again in 2001) tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future. The surviving crewmembers stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech. The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are animals wearing animal skins.

A Russian biologist, Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov (Илья Иванович Иванов”, August 1 1870-March 20, 1932) specialized in the field of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals. He was involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid with the purpose of making Soviet dictator's dream come true; soldiers with no fear, with superhuman strength and endurance, who would follow any order, eat anything, and ignore pain or injury or workers who could do the labor of ten men without complaint.

Nobody knows exactly how appeared the first Intelligent Cynocephalus, may be it is the result of military experiments to create more intelligent dogs, able to perform complex strategic missions, or could have been, a multi-millionaire businessman, who wanted to impress his family, commissioned a corrupt geneticist and brought home the ultimate “state in the art” pet – the so called G.A.D. (Genetically Altered Dog). But what we do know is that once the GADs become intelligent, words such as racism (or would say “specism”) riots, slavery and anti-slavery become common place on news screens.

Underwater society

Hothouse earth 100 million years in the future

New subduction zones along the eastern coasts of North America and South America began to consume the ocean floor separating North America from Africa. About 100 million years from the Human Era, Mid-Atlantic Ridge subducted and the continents will come closer together.

100 million years after human era, human race is pretty much the same because of the so called “shark syndrome”. The researches on cure of cancer led us to the sharks. They have survived some 400 million years on Earth with little evolutionary modification; their longevity is due in part to an extraordinary resistance to cancer and other diseases.

In the quest for the cure of cancer mankind has made use of lots and lots of genetic experiences. At some point, scientists performed interspecific hybridization with sharks and man. The result was the cure of a disease and the creation of a not so good condition, in which the evolutionary modifications are very slow.

The experiences with sharks did not stop there. In a particular edition of Olympic games an outstanding swimmer broke all the records, he was able to swim 1,5 kilometers without putting his head out of water, and was not doped.

After some examination, it was discovered that the man had gills and webbing between their fingers and toes. He was result of a series of experiments in order to create “Atlanti” the man from Atlantis.

When the results of the test came to light there were already a considerable population of Atlantis living in the oceans.

So, in “Hothouse Earth Era” man haven’t change much, but there are other species coexisting in harmony; Cynocephalus, Atlanti, and some others. The space trip capability helped humans and humanoids to survive some mass extinction events.

The Atlanti was undoubtedly the most prolific and prosperous specie. As the sea level rose because of the high temperatures of the planet, they had plenty of space on earth's watery surface. The human race has stagnated evolutionarily in matter of intelligence due to “shark syndrome” and the dogs are not that smart, assuring the well-intentioned and benevolent specie of Atlantis the status of “EDS” (Earth Dominant Species).

Today a huge earthquake hit the planet, looks like Earth wanted us to remember that Pangea II is almost united. We don’t need long bridges to link continents in Pangea II, we could remember facts from 2 minutes ago with the same precision that we remember facts from the Triasic. I want to finish this chronicle by thank the Humans, Cynocephalus and Atlantis for all this beautiful treasure, the Earth civilization.

Today, a huge earthquake hit the planet, it seemed that the earth wanted us to remember that Pangea II is almost united. We do not need long bridges connecting the continents in Pangea II, we are able to remember events that occurred within 2 minutes with the same precision that we remember events of the Triassic. Let me end this chronicle by thanking to Humans, Cynoscephalae and Atlantis and quoting Carlos Drummond de Andrade from the Human Period - New Year's Recipe:

“To have a New Year

Which deserves that name

You, my friend, have to deserve it,

You have to make it new; I know that it's not easy,

But try, experiment, be conscious.

It's inside of you that the New Year

Has always been dormant and waiting.”